Closer Look to Malaysia Tourism Essay Example

Closer Look to Malaysia Tourism Essay Example Closer Look to Malaysia Tourism Essay Closer Look to Malaysia Tourism Essay Essay Topic: Our Countrys Good Today, tourism becomes more and more important sector in the world’s economy. Travel affects every continent, country and the city by the influx or outflow of tourists. Furthermore, it is subject to social, economic changes and competition. The world becomes a global village because of tourists and business tailoring directly relating jobs to tourism as well as support industries increasing export of local product. In the Southeast Asia region, Malaysia is a model how to take the best from tourism by making it better and better. In this writing, Malaysia and its people is closely seen. As for tourism, we will look into history of Malaysia’s tourism development together with how Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board manages it. Its marketing strategies are also analyzed in the current trends of the world’s tourism. Finally, we will come to arousing thinking tourism in Malaysia and Vietnam in comparison and experience learning. MALAYSIA – COUNTRY AND ITS PEOPLE Situated just north of the equator, covering an area of 330,400 square kilometers, Malaysia is actually made of two land masses: West Malaysia or Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia including Sabahand and Sarawak. Malaysia comprises 13 states, having Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia as neighbors. The various of states offer an incomparable and exiting variety of tropical jungles, warm climate, beautiful beaches, hill resorts. Malaysia experiences diversity in races and in culture. The people of Malaysia include the majority of Malays, Chinese, Indians and other ethnic groups. Each racial group retains and nature’s their individual traditions, customs and lifestyle. Malaysian always boasts a friendly smile and the most often heard phrase is â€Å"Selanat Datang† simply meaning welcome. MALAYSIA TOURISM PROMOTION BOARD (MTPD) The establishment of the Tourism Development Corporation Malaysia in 1972 was considered the first step of Malaysia’s tourism. After the remarkable efforts in developing and promoting tourism, the Ministry of Arts Culture and Tourism (MOCAT) was incepted in 1992, is an agency under the MOCAT which officially governs tourism industry. In April 2004, MOCAT was split to separate the ministry responsible solely for matters to relate to tourism. Meanwhile, the MTPB is responsible for the marketing and promotional aspects of tourism. It works in collaboration with local tourist offices and operates many oversea offices. It is said that they are vary effective in obtaining reservation for Malaysia. MTPB vows its mission statement: marketing Malaysia as the destination of excellence and making the tourism industry a major contributor to the socio-economic development of the nation. MTPB has objectives concerning marketing Malaysia as an outstanding tourist attraction, attracting world’ attention to Malaysia’s images that uniquely splendor and beauty of the country, increasing number of tourist arrivals. RECENT ACHIEVEMENT Tourism is currently the second highest contributor to Malaysia’ Gross Domestic Product after manufacturing. Malaysia caught up with Singapore and Thailand in term of tourist arrivals and tourism receipts, making it a destination in it own right. Recent, Malaysia tourism experienced mostly increase in number of foreign visitor. From January to September 2004, the number of foreign visitors to Malaysia reaches 11,711,440 increased by 64. 5% against the same period last year. Tourist arrivals to Malaysia are increasing rapidly according to Immigration Department. Tourism receipt is total around US$ 2. 5billions on average each year. Domestic visitor has also been considerably growing. The tourism industry now is the country’s third largest foreign exchange earner. The MTPB has received a prestigious World Travel Mart Silver Award for its remarkable contribution to regional travel and tourism industry. MARKETING STRATEGIES Tourism is very sensitive sector. The strategies of tourism development need to match with the strengths and the weakness of a country. Malaysia has taken full its advantages and opportunities of developing tourism as well as overcoming its difficulties to have its right decisions. It can be seen that the advantages of Malaysia tourism are the outstanding natural beauty, the cultural diversity, good accessibility, good tourism facilities, safety and English widely spoken. Its opportunities for multi-destination or cross border tourism have been vastly improved. Young travel, World Heritage Site branding and better access through budget carriers and potential can be transformed into economic benefit. The success of tourism depends on its marketing strategies. Marketing strategies process comprises identifying target market, estimating tourist arrivals, and describing strategy to meet goals and objects. â€Å"The tourism industry has changed And Malaysia tourism players have also changed their strategies and marketing plans to fit in with the challenging time’’ Minister of MOCAT, Dr Ng Yen Yen said. Here comes the tactics to attract tourist to Malaysia. POSITIONING TARGET MARKET Market shifting is necessary in tourism, especially when the world is threatened by terrorism and epidemic. Under any circumstance Malaysia has its marketing strategies to concentrate on selecting market besides domestic market. Domestic market is concentrated to avoid losing a large number of visitors for other countries. Now Malaysian has become more aware of local and regional places and realize. There are attractive destinations in their own country to explore. Besides traditional market namely Singapore, Thailand and West Asia, China, India and some Europeans are considered positioning target market to increase tourists to Malaysia. We must build up our regional and local destination. We must not forget a huge market like China which also hold vast opportunities’’, Dr Ng Yen added. In an effort restore its tourism figures, Malaysia Tourism has launched a number of promotions to tap the potential India market. Malaysia wants to create a niche market for leisure tourism and pursue a new area, in expending their potential. The World Travel Mart on 12 Nov 2004 has enabled Ma laysia to gauge the climate of global tourism to be in a better and competitive position. Based on an average of 12 million tourists a year, the target of 15 million tourist arrivals this year can be achieved in the strategies of positioning target market. ATTRACTION SLOGAN An attractive slogan, referring to no second better and more suitable is very important in tourism. A successful slogan should be an attention getter, raise the country’s image and lure visitors to the country. How you feel about the slogan â€Å" Fascinating Malaysia ’’. At the time of the year 1998, it was considered a successful slogan. It aroused interest about Malaysia as a orth – discovering world. It promised the exiting trip to Malaysia. Over the years, Malaysia‘s image has been changed from â€Å"Beautiful Malaysia ’’ to â€Å" Only Malaysia ’’, followed by â€Å" Fascinating Malaysia ’’ and currently â€Å" Malaysia – Truly Asia ’’. As a multi-racial and multi-cultural country, Malaysia shows a colorful custom and religion. The multiple facets of the country are what make Malaysia so fascinating and colorful to tourists. Hence, the country is marketed under the â€Å" Malaysia – Truly Asia† branding to the world. Ideally, Malaysia’s slogan posses AIDA – A means getting attention, I – holding interest, D – arousing desire and A – obtaining action. Come to Malaysia, you will have the experience of entire Asia only a smile away. Remind us of Malaysia automatically ring the slogan â€Å" Malaysia – Truly Asia†. TOURISM PROMOTION In order to popularize the image of Malaysia and its tourism product, the MTPB takes parts in or operates many activities and events: Trade and Tourism Fair, Consumers Fairs, Seminar/ Workshop Malaysians are experts in exploring its natural resources and its advantages. Every year, Malaysia’ s Tourism holds many international and national events to draw foreign visitors to Malaysia. Response from tourism players for the upcoming 15th MATTA International Travel Fair is encouraging, without 200 exhibitors taking up about 95% the booths for yearly events. â€Å"With more people taking part in the fair, people more recognizing Malaysia’s potential as a top tourist spot with beautiful attractions†. World Amateur Inter – Team Golf Championship and World Grand Prix were organized with the objective of promoting holiday’s destinations that offer golfing facilities to both the international and local markets. Today, Malaysia is increasingly viewed as a prime exhibition and convention venue, which offers professional expertise backed by support service and attractive tourists places. Malaysia becomes one of the tops 21 MICE locations worldwide and the MICE markets in South East Asia. Color of Malaysia is a sere of activities concerning cultural festivals, sumptuous cuisine and resplendent costumes. â€Å" Come to Malaysia to experience Asia†. This is how cultural diversity and religious help to promote tourism. Malaysia is known as a beautiful land and a shopping paradise. â€Å" Go holiday. It is all here in Malaysia†. Malaysia Megarable is a big deal for all visitors. The local and international emporiums, designer boutiques and stores all cross Malaysia participate in the creation of fantastic. Besides, the Eighth Malaysia Plan’s strategy (2001 – 2005) reflects the expending of international access in new strategic tourist market as well as promoting Kuala Lumpur Beyond the city. In addition, the Rural Tourism Master Plan was built on the two main strengths of Malaysia namely its beautiful countryside and friendly people to create a new brand of tourist experience for visitors, particular long stay visitors. It is being aggressive promoted by Terengganu State government for island tourism. The main approach to transform rural tourism in Malaysia is â€Å" Starting Small to Grow Big† to create new destinations as a part of the tourism marketing strategy as existing destinations could be improved. Malaysians are improving the perception and the image of Malaysia as a liberal Muslim country with a harmonious and multi-religion nation. Part of this includes proving international publicity of hosted events and international participants that Malaysia is a safe and friendly destination. CO-OPERATION Tourism is an element interdependently among the other sectors. Therefore, Co-operation is vital. The MTPB ha recognized and co-operation with the international and national airline for directs flight to tourist destinations to draw visitors. Tourism Malaysia and Airline Malaysia offered the â€Å" Showcase Malaysia Mega Deals† that entitles a free day for four days and three nights in Malaysia for two on purchase of air tickets in Malaysia Airlines. Tourism Malaysia and Singapore have also joined hands for the first time to offer the special package on a twin sharing basis where a traveller would get to spend three nights in Langkawi – the natural paradise of Malaysia and one night in Singapore. In view of improving cross – industry and cross – national Co-operation, the different market scenario, Sabah Tourism together with the State and Federal governments, Tourism Malaysia, the Airlines, hotels and tour operators must work closely with all their resources to have more effective promotions of regional tourism. WHY WE CHOOSE MALAYSIA? As you know, Malaysia’s Tourism is much more developed and more attractive than Vietnam although we also have potentials and advantages as Malaysia. Malaysia and Vietnam share some similarities in natural attractions. Malaysia has been successful in creating and raising their image of its tourism as well as luring tourists to there. Meanwhile, Vietnam has not taken full its advantages and founding its own right strategies. However, from the marginal similarities, Vietnam’s Tourism could take advantage of Malaysia’s experience. The situation of Vietnam is not satisfactory as it could be. Vietnam is seen as the land of tourism potential. The matter is how to explore the resources. A closer look on Tourism Malaysia can help Vietnam National Tourism Administration can have more experience while they form their marketing strategies and how to explore Vietnam’s potentials. We hope to see the bright future of Tourism Vietnam as ‘’ a destination for new millennium. † With the aim of transforming the Malaysia’s â€Å" low yield tourism † to that of â€Å" high yield †, Malaysia is carrying out gradually and making it true. Despite its late entrant in the racing of tourism industry, Tourism Malaysia has grown rapidly and affirmed its position in the world’s tourism after the serious efforts in developing and promoting tourism. Malaysia ‘s Tourism foresees a brilliant future.

Fala - Franklin D. Roosevelts Favorite Dog

Fala - Franklin D. Roosevelt's Favorite Dog Fala, a cute, black Scottish terrier, was President Franklin D. Roosevelts  favorite dog and constant companion in the last years of FDRs life. Where Did Fala Come From? Fala was born on April 7, 1940, and given as a present to FDR by Mrs. Augustus G. Kellog of Westport, Connecticut. After a short stay with FDRs cousin, Margaret Daisy Suckley, for obedience training, Fala arrived at the White House on November 10, 1940. Falas Name As a puppy, Fala had been originally named Big Boy, but FDR soon changed that. Using the name of his own 15th century Scottish ancestor (John Murray), FDR renamed the dog Murray the Outlaw of Falahill, which quickly became shortened to Fala. Constant Companions Roosevelt doted on the little dog. Fala slept in a special bed near the Presidents feet and was given a bone in the morning and dinner at night by the President himself. Fala wore a leather collar with a silver plate that read, Fala, the White House. Fala traveled everywhere with Roosevelt, accompanying him in the car, on trains, in airplanes, and even on ships. Since Fala had to be walked during long train rides, Falas presence often revealed that President Roosevelt was on board. This led the Secret Service to codename Fala as the informer. While in the White House and while traveling with Roosevelt, Fala met many dignitaries including British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Mexican President Manuel Camacho. Fala entertained Roosevelt and his important visitors with tricks, including being able to sit up, rolling over, jump up, and curl his lip into a smile. Becoming Famous and a Scandal Fala became a celebrity in his own right. He had appeared in numerous photographs with the Roosevelts, was seen at major events of the day, and even had a movie made about him in 1942. Fala had become so popular that thousands of people wrote him letters, causing Fala to need his own secretary to respond to them. With all this publicity surrounding Fala, Republicans decided to use Fala to slander President Roosevelt. A rumor was spread that President Roosevelt had accidentally left Fala in the Aleutian Islands during a trip there and had then spent millions of taxpayer dollars to send a destroyer back to fetch him. FDR answered these allegations in his famous Fala Speech. In his speech to the Teamsters Union in 1944, FDR said that both he and his family somewhat expected malicious statements to be made about themselves, but that he had to object when such statements were made about his dog. FDRs Death After being President Roosevelts companion for five years, Fala was devastated when Roosevelt passed away on April 12, 1945. Fala rode on the Presidents funeral train from Warm Springs to Washington and then attended President Roosevelts funeral. Fala spent his remaining years living with Eleanor Roosevelt at Val-Kill. Although he had lots of room to run and play with his canine grandson, Tamas McFala, Fala, however, never quite got over the loss of his beloved master. Fala passed away on April 5, 1952, and was buried near President Roosevelt in the rose garden at Hyde Park.

NFL Personnel Hiring for market plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

NFL Personnel Hiring for market plan - Essay Example This was done in order to guarantee a large audience-not everyone can make it to the stadiums. Some of the television stations include NFL network, ESPN, FOX and NBC. Some of the radio stations owned by the NFL include Westwood one, Sports USA and the United Stations Radio Networks. (Green Berg, 2007) Players in the NFL all belong to a union called the NFLPA. This union has the mandate to negotiate contracts for players. The players are governed by a contract called the CBA. Players are only allowed to play for teams that endorse them. Other older players are allowed to negotiate their contracts with other teams after a certain number of years. The contract signed by the players and the NFL has regulations regarding salary packages and it stipulates what are the minimum and maximum amounts to be paid to players. The NFL has a peculiar way of picking out its players. It normally uses the NFL draft. Teams usually endorse a player and earn the right to keep him. However, trades can be made for players from other teams upon agreement by the first team that chose him. The NFL requires that the Franchise owners pay an amount of fifty dollars when they appear for drafting. This is normally done annually in the month of April. There are specific amounts given to those who get first, second and third place. Franchise owners are allowed to make moves as soon as the draft is complete. They also have to pay a small amount for every interchange made in order to finance an award at the season's end. (Sands, 2002) Once these players have been selected by their teams, they are allowed to play in any position within the team that chose them. Franchise owners are supposed to choose players from six categories that include quarterbacks, kickers, defenders, running backs, tight ends and wide receivers. Each category has a maximum number allowed by the league. Franchise owners should submit in names of players that will participate in the expected week's game from all the categories listed above. Trade offs between franchise-owners for players are permitted only after notifying the commissioner. In addition, there must both agree to the terms of the deal. This can only be done within a stipulated amount of time. Franchise owners must make sure they do not exceed the deadline. Waivers can be done all through the season after payment of a specified fee. In addition, there must be a notification to the franchise owners that a player has been waived. (Ed Gruver, 1997) The League can overrule a player trade off that has been done unfairly. This could be possible when a team has taken a player in order to weaken a certain team and to strengthen itself unfairly. Franchise owners can also conduct a vote that overrules decisions by the commissioner. Names chosen by Franchise owners must be free of offence. This is especially in regard to players' wives. The commissioner can also reject names that are deregulatory or stupid. As franchise owners enter the league, they ought to submit their logos. Lastly, there is a provision for a modification of the rules after the end of the season. Here, there must be a unanimous vote by franchise owners. How the last Franchise expansion was done There are a number of franchise expansions that have characterized the National Football League. A good example is the Houston Texans Team. This expansion was done in the year 1997 by franchise owner Bob McNair. He wanted to bring

The Positive and Negative Effects of Confucianism in East Asian Essay

The Positive and Negative Effects of Confucianism in East Asian Cultures - Essay Example The researcher of this essay aims to pay special attention to the three main elements of ethics form the core of Confucianism. These elements are Ren an obligation of altruism  and humaneness for other individuals within a community, you the obligation to do good and li a system that defines how a person should act within a community. There are just the 3 primary components of the Confucianism philosophy. Apart from these, etiquette, loyalty, filial piety, relationships and various other elements from the structure of this system. The philosophy, politics, society and the business industry of East Asian nations like China, Japan and Korea were all based on the concepts of Confucianism. According to historical facts, these countries prospered in leaps and bounds, all due to the fact that they followed the Confucian ethics in all aspects of the society. The philosophy of Confucianism was practiced in many cultures and countries in East Asia like China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea Vietnam an d various Chinese occupied territories like Singapore. China, however, was the birthplace of Confucianism. It came into being from the sixth century to the third century B.C., an age described as "The Age of Philosophers". Eventually, during 141 to 87 BC, it was declared as a state philosophy by Emperor Wu of Han. Confucianism in Japan began at a time when â€Å"Confucianism† was quite different from what it is today. During the long years from the fall of the Latter Han dynasty in 220 CE through the Tang (618–907), the classics esteemed by Confucius remained an important part for those who exercised authority over others. The sixteenth year of the reign of Ojin is often taken as the start of Japan’s experience with Confucianism, with traditional dating assigning this to 285 but around 404 being the more likely. Reportedly, in that year a Confucian scholar from the Korean kingdom of Paekche, Wang In (known as Wani in Japanese), arrived in Japan to tutor a son of Ojin, bringing along with him copies of the Analects and the Thousand Character Classic. And this is how Confucianism in Japan took off. During Korea’s lengthy Choson dynasty (1392–1910) Confucian ideals were deeply valued. In the early Choson scholars imported Confucianism from China, establishing it as the governing political ideology and further developing Korean-style neo-Confucianism. Modeling neo-Confucian ideals, they transformed Choson into a thoroughly Confucian society during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is an accepted fact that the nations of East Asia constitute a part of the fastest growing economy in the world. In the past 30 years, 3 smalls East Asian nations – South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore have exhibited phenomenal economic growth which now rivals that of Japan’s. These countries are now ranked as having the world most successful economies. The explanation for this boom in the economic systems can be dedicated to the fact that Confucian values form an ethical thread across the East Asia nations. The philosophy of Confucianism is dictated by a harmonious collective social order. This, in turn, ensures absolute loyalty and obedience to authority from the subordinates. This is the base that enabled the East Asian nations to skyrocket their economy.

Theory still have value Essay Example for Free

Theory still have value Essay Jean Piaget (1896 1980) was a constructivist theorist. He saw children as constructing their own world, playing an active part in their own development. Children are intrinsically motivated to interact with their environment and so learn about the world they live in. Piagets insight opened up a new window into the inner working mind and as a result he carried out some remarkable studies on children that had a powerful influence on theories of child thought. This essay is going to explain the main features and principles of the Piagetian theory, how Piaget has influenced education and relate the Piagetian theory to two challenging perspectives, social constructivism and connectionist modelling. Piaget saw children as constructing their own world, playing an active part in their own development, which was the bulk of his work but also believed that social context was an important feature as well. Children are intrinsically motivated to interact with their environment and so learn about the world they live in. Piaget believed that children had the ability to adapt to their environment and saw intelligence as an evolutionary process. Piaget alleged childrens thinking goes through changes at each of four stages (sensori motor, concrete operations and formal operations) of development until they can think and reason as an adult. The stages represent qualitatively different ways of thinking, are universal, and children go through each stage in the same order. According to Piaget each stage must be completed before they can move into the next one and involving increasing levels of organisation and increasingly logical underlying structures. Piaget stated that the lower stages never disappear; they become integrated into the new stage (hierarchic integration) (Inhelder and Piaget, 1958). Children themselves, through their actions on the environment, interacting with there biologically determined level of maturation, bring about the cognitive changes, which result in adult thinking. The stages theory is open to criticism as they are too rigid and neglects individual differences such as memory span, motivation etc. Piaget also underestimated the age at which children could do things. This maybe because he failed to distinguish between competence and performance. Piagets studies tested performance and then he assumed that a child who failed simply lacked the underlying cognitive structures that he believed were needed to succeed on that task. Subsequent research suggests that a child may have these competencies earlier than Piaget suggested. However, simply to focus on age limits is to miss the central point of Piagets theory that universal, qualitative, biologically regulated cognitive changes occur during development. This is supported by cross-cultural research that has replicated Piagets findings (Smith et al, 1998). A positive aspect is that Piagets view of children as active constructors of their own cognitive world had considerable educational implications, with its emphasis on discovery learning, sensitivity to childrens readiness to learn, and acceptance of individual differences. Piagets main features suggest that the role of the teacher is to allow children to engage with their environment in an active way and have appropriate experiences at appropriate times so as to foster their natural capacity to learn. (Gupta and Richardson, 1995 p8) These experiences will only be effective if full account is taken of the childrens level of understanding. As a result Piagets psychological research has provided evidence for the Plowden report and some teachers have applied Piagets theory to their teaching methods in relation to the importance of active learning, qualitative differences between child and adult thinking, and the influence of environmental experience on development. Piagets theory is immensely rich, deep and quite often very difficult; as such it resists encapsulation. However, it is possible to draw out certain themes. Piaget clearly distinguishes between development and learning, believing the former to be a spontaneous, structured whole, in contrast to the provoked, limited nature of the latter. Piaget argued that there are four main factors in the development of one set of structures from another: maturation, experience, social transmission and equilibration. Piaget devised a number of ingenious tests of thought to illustrate this style of thinking and to study how children developed the ability to realise that there are things that do not change even when there are perceptual transformations. (Light and Oates, 1990 pg 101). He illustrated his concepts of egocentricism by using a three mountains task and conservation tasks. These studies came to the following conclusions that children are: 1) unable to conserve, 2) They are unable to reserve mental operations and 3) they are perceptually egocentric. When discussing Piagets experiments ecological validity needs to be taken into account. Piaget used his own children as participants and the clinical interview method also casts doubts. Another criticism relates to the concept of biological maturation or readiness. If the development of cognitive structures is related to maturity, then practice should not improve performance. In other words, if a person is not biologically ready to move on to the next stage then no amount of practice should get them there. However, there is evidence to suggest that practice can make a difference (Danner and Day 1977). Piaget did not deny the role of experience. He used the concept of horizontal decalage to explain why it is that not all aspects of the same stage appear at the same time; for example, the ability to conserve number and volume may not appear at the same time, but one after the other. He suggested that uneven cognitive performance is probably due to different learning experiences. A third criticism relates to the role of language and social factors. Piaget did not feel that language influenced cognitive development. To incorporate these two elements researchers have extended Piagets experiments. Margaret Donaldson (1978, as cited by Lights and Oates, p 114) argued that the real problem with the Piagetian tasks is that they are testing diembedded thinking on the part of the child; they are asking the child to solve problems unrelated to the childs own knowledge and experience. A change in materials used will enable children to perform better on some tasks than on others.

The United Kingdom & Ireland: A Comparison of Healthcare Systems Essay

(92%) The United Kingdom and Ireland, a set of European countries connected by a common border, share at least one other trait, and that is, they both have universal healthcare systems. The majority would expect the two countries’ health system to operate in a similar manner, due to their close proximity and the fact that they are both universal, but in fact the opposite is true. The Irish healthcare system and structure is very different from the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (Gold, 2011). A composition of four constituent countries, England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom (UK) is a sovereign country that is commonly referred to as Great Britain (or Britain) (Johnson & Stoskopf, 2010, p. 85). Located at the northwest corner of Europe, the United Kingdom has experienced one of the most prosperous periods of sustained growth in all of Europe, exhibiting a relatively steady rise in maturity and enterprise development for over 150 years (Johnson & Stoskopf, 2010, p. 87). This is a reversal of a trend seen in the first half of the 20th century where according to the CIA World Fact Book, the United Kingdom’s role as a world power was seriously depleted between two world wars, followed by the Irish withdrawal from the union. The second half of the century watched the slow dismantling of the British Empire and the United Kingdom rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation (Johnson & Stoskopf, 2010, p. 85). A country stepped in tradition and institutionalism, Britain is one of the only countries that has no common set of governing documents, i.e. Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights, Constitution. Instead governmental roots can be traced back to the Magna Carta of 1215 whic... ...he clinical effectiveness of pharmaceuticals and the process for calculating cost effectiveness should not prove to be too difficult. The problem lies in the fact that the Food and Drug Administration does not have the power to prevent a drug from making it to market if it is found to be ineffective in relation to cost. Additional barriers stem from opposition from consumers who say the purchase decision should be the consumers’ choice. In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) uses a $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) threshold for access under its National Health System (NHS). If a drug does not meet this threshold then it is denied. The value of $50,000 is substantially lower than recent estimates in the United States that put the value of a life year at close to $175,000 (Vernon, Goldberg, Dash, Muralimohan, 2007).

Psychology, Theology, and Sprituality in Christian Counseling Essay

In his conceptual book, Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling (1996), McMinn presents a convincing presentation of a multitasking counselor who has developed a niche in the counseling world. New age Christian counselors have developed simultaneous skills that embark on the areas of psychology, theology, and spirituality. This begins our journey down the path of understanding how values and perspectives can be changed as a result of a well rounded, multitasking Christian counselor. With life illustrations and brief counseling scenarios throughout this book, McMinn (1996) provides the reader with an excellent working model of identifying and relating life experiences to Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality. The opposition of modern psychology and theology practices is delivering different contemporary messages concerning mental health. Psychologist Albert Ellis wrote, â€Å"The emotionally healthy individual should primarily be true to himself and not masochistically sacrifice himself for others.† Versus Christian spirituality that identifies and states in scripture that as individuals we are instructed to look out for the interest of others (Phil. 2:4) and to prefer one another in honor (Rom 12:10) (McMinn, 1996). As McMinn works through the concepts of integrating these three distinct disciplines, Christian counseling becomes more complex and multifaceted. Christian counselors set their eyes upon God with an individual’s spiritual growth and mental health in their mind. In addition to placing the pieces of a battered mental health condition focus to the forefront, their client’s eternity of life and knowledge of God is an important piece of the puzzle. A more detailed perspective of psychological and spiritual health, allows every individual to recognize their responsibility to God, to their family and friends and to themselves. As humans, we must understand and have a healthy awareness of brokenness to allow ourselves to experience grace and hope in the midst of our walk on this earth through life’s trials and tribulations with Jesus Christ. Integrating psychology, theology, and spirituality in addition to the niche of multitasking, all three disciplines in unison takes time, energy, loyalty, and dedication of the counseling profession. In the last two thirds of this book, McMinn uses prayer, scripture, sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption to show us a glimpse of the counseling world. The problem with sin is that it separates us from God; the wonder of redemption is that individuals are brought back into relationship with God. (McMinn, 1996, p. 265). A redemptive Christian counselor has humility and compassion and experiences God’s grace with gratitude. Scripture yanks people out of the grips of sin as a redemptive God shines through. Those who deny sin see no need for spiritual redemption. Confession, allows us to acknowledge our sin and our desperate need for help and through the grace of God we receive forgiveness and experience redemption. Once our affections turn to God, our prayer will never be the same. Our lives will be completed changed and everlasting. â€Å"Bless the Lord, O my Soul, and do not forget all his benefits-who forgives all your iniquity, who heals all your diseases, who redeems your life from the pit, who crowns you with steadfast love and mercy, who satisfies you with good as long as you live so that your youth is renewed like the e agle’s†(Ps. 103:2-5). Response Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy and my burden is light.† As I had struggled throughout my chaotic childhood dealing with the presence of alcohol, drugs, fighting, and uncertain living conditions in my circle of life, I developed the ability to discern which people were right for me in my life. My perception of family was skewed. At the age of 7, I lost my grandfather and life’s losses of my protectors continued until 2004 with the death of my first husband Dale. My life was over. My family was a mess. I had just started a new church and I wasn’t sure where God was in my life. My father in law, who preached my husband’s funeral, started providing Christian guidance and support as a lay counselor. We prayed and shared scripture together. At the age of 33, I learned the true meaning of prayer. I knew how to pray and I knew how humbled I had been in my prayers for Dale. In the kindness of his God filled heart, he taught me that humility allows us to see God’s word. As I study and read my Bible, I continue to learn the importance of a Christian family for support and guidance and the necessity to share the story of Jesus Christ. My father in law stepped out in faith to help turn my life around. Through his obedience, I work to help others who are hurting find the power of prayer and scripture in their times of heartache. Reflection As I read through Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling (McMinn, 1996), a highlighter was used to mark special passages I needed to keep in the forefront of this class. There are so many key notes to remember in the text, the book was turning a nice shade of yellow. Anyone who is starting out in the counseling field should be required to read this book. McMinn does an excellent job of showing the reader how to integrate our Christian faith and spirituality into the secular world with real life reflections. Christian counselors want to follow the will of God and McMinn provides the examples, guidance, and techniques on how to incorporate God into the counseling session. The major drawback with this work concerns the conclusion. Throughout the reading, it is apparent McMinn is preparing the counselor to learn the skill of multi-tasking. In two pages, McMinn summarizes the whole book. The most important part of integrating the three diverse areas of studies is profound enough for him to provide a greater level of detail to the new counselor concerning the background of multitasking. Success lies in the strategy that is used in multitasking these three distinct practices and beliefs. In dealing with the secular world, this skill is a necessity to bring all three disciplines together. Action I am sending you out like sheep among wolves. Therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves. â€Å"Be on your guard against men; they will hand you over to the local councils and flog you in their synagogues. On my account you will be brought before governors and kings as witnesses to them and to the Gentiles. But when they arrest you, do not worry about what to say or how to say it. At that time you will be given what to say; for it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. (Matthew 10:16-20). God has given me back tenfold since the loss of my first husband. I have established myself as a praying respiratory therapist at UVA. As Jesus calls me into the counseling field, he is preparing me for the secular world. In my environment, people are at the lowest points of their lives. I use Gods calling on my heart and spirit to reach out in Christian love to these individuals and families. God places pastors, judges, professional basketball players, the rich, the homeless, the curable, the dying, in my path for a reason and a purpose. Life is simple when you are obedient. Go where God calls you. The people I come into contact with are not by accident. I minister to their hearts through their illness and time of need. I pray for God to give me the strength and the right words of his will to deliver to the sick and their families. I pray for each individual that crosses my path to find the love of Jesus Christ and meet him in heaven to spend an everlasting life with our father.

Bipolar Disorder Essay

What is Bipolar Disorder? A Brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in moods Also known as manic-depressive disorder It consists of manic episodes, depressive episodes, and/or hypomanic episodes People with bipolar disorder are also usually diagnosed with anxiety, attention deficit disorder, substance abuse, or physical health problems There are three types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I Disorder – diagnostic criteria At least one manic episode May or may not have had a depressive episode There are more specific subcategories because it varies from person to person Bipolar II Disorder – criteria At least one hypomanic episode (not fully manic) At least one major depressive episode There are also more specific subcategories Cyclothymic Disorder – criteria Numerous hypomanic episodes Periods of depression Never have a full manic or major depressive episode Symptoms must last 2 yrs. or more and they can’t go away for more than 2 months What is a manic episode? A manic episode is a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, irritable, or expansive moods that last at least one week. To be considered a manic episode the mood disturbance must be severe enough to cause noticeable difficulty at work, school, or social activities Symptoms are not due to the direct effects of other things like drug use, other medications, or having a medical condition What is a hypomanic episode? A hypomanic episode is a distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts at least 4 days. The mood disturbance must be severe enough to cause a noticeable change in functioning The episode is not severe enough to cause significant difficulty at work, school, or in social activities Symptoms are not due to the effects of something else such as drug use or other medications What is a depressive episode? A depressive episode is a period of major depression not caused by grieving Major depressive episode usually occurs directly after the manic episode ends Treatment Bipolar Disorder requires lifelong treatment – even during times when there are no symptoms Treatment is typically guided by a psychiatrist Primary treatment includes medications, individual counseling, and support groups Risk Factors Blood relative with Bipolar Disorder Periods of high stress Teens through mid-20s Drug and alcohol use Major life changes Statistics on Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder affects about 5.7 millions adults in America (about 2.6% of the U.S. population) Median age of onset is 25 years old It is seen almost equally in men and women More than 2/3 of people with Bipolar Disorder have at least one close relative with the disorder Bipolar is the 6th leading cause of disability in the world 1 in 5 patients with Bipolar Disorder commits suicide 9.2 year reduction in expected life span

Essays Samples

Essayss Essayss White Americans Males are ranked the second highest among other races in cigarette smoking in the United States. Statistics indicates that approximately 42 million of American populations are cigarette smoker as per the year 2013. However, 60 % of this population is adults with men being the most prevalence than women taking 66%. The research The Story of Progress: Women, African Americans and Industrial Workers from 1865 to 1938 Analisys The history of the United States is a story of progress. Over a relatively short period of time, the country passed almost all stages of growth and decline to create equally favorable life conditions for all population groups. The period between 1865 and 1938 in America was marked with numerous successes and failures. From the The Most Important Terminology in Investment Informative Introduction An investment is a monetary security purchased with the idea of creating more earnings in future or with the hope that the security will appreciate and be sold at a profit. The current paper will look at the most important terms in investment. Asset Allocation It is a term given to the investors’ investment The Culture Analysis of Aruba Analisys Cultural norms comprise stereotypes of perceptions inherent in the collective subconsciousness of a specific nation. Undoubtedly, stereotypes, bias, and prejudices are representing the misinterpretations, when the objective appreciation of reality is hindered by the subjective meanings that had been greatly influenced by cultural factors. These conceptions are often unjust and do not adequately reflect reality. Mahatma Gandhi Analisys The beginning of the twentieth century was marked by a string of events that have changed the course of the world’s history. In this respect, the World War I can be regarded as an event of extreme historical, cultural, political, economic, and social importance. The system of causes and effects associated with the WWI can Long Essay: Atlantic System Informative Introduction Atlantic System refers to the systematic network of trade established in 17000, which linked the three continent of Europe African and America. The trade relationship between the three parts of the continents was also referred to as the triangular trade. The European were the key player in the Atlantic system where they sell slaves Learning Theories and Technology Informative Abstract This paper discusses how different learning theories affect the process of learning. It discusses the theories and looks into how each theory impacts on online learning – the latest form of technological advancement in learning. The paper also looks at how each learning theory can be used to ensure maximum benefits of knowledge acquisition International and Domestic Political and Cultural Based Threats Introduction Dialectical thesis about the transition of quantitative changes into the qualitative   ones is fully applicable to the PRC. China has become one of the determining factors of global economic development, becoming an influential regional power in East and Central Asia, including the Korean Peninsula. It seeks to achieve the level of global political force Mythology and Religion Informative Mythology and religion are the subjects that have given people constant inspiration throughout the history. The need to illustrate the connection between myths and religion is to make people understand that there is no substantive difference between the worship of the god of Jews, Christians, and Muslims, as well as the cults of Egypt and Functional Classifications of Advertising Informative Introduction Advertising Advertising is simply a relatively low-cost strategy of conveying selling information to various prospective customers. It entails the process of buying benefactor-identified time or media space to promote an idea or product. In most cases, advertising can secure leads for intermediaries and salespersons by convincing readers to bid for additional information and identify Ethics: Monsanto vs. Francois Chemical Poisoning Ethical Scenario Analisys According to Harman, ethics or moral philosophy is a discipline in the social sciences that undertakes the persistent, systematic, and rational defence of the concept of right or wrong. Psychologists coined the word ethics from a Greek noun ethos, which means habit or the acceptable custom. In psychology, ethics examines the broad question of what Ethical Dilemma Nursing Introduction The contemporary world of nursing is full of the diversity of ethical issues, which tend to take its place in practice of every nurse. Experience makes it a mandatory step in the extension of knowledge and awareness on the various ethical issues, which can arise at any moment. It should become a goal of Effect and Reaction of Globalisation Analisys Abstract The paper deals with the analysis of globalization in the context of indigenous people of Central America, South Africa, and South India. The communities of San, Yanomami, and Toda are considered to be the elements of the global society representing its diversity as well as objects for cultural homogeneity. Incorporation of tribes into modern S534 Decision-Making Paper Law The current essay provides a general description of the group decisions of a successful and unsuccessful experience of applying this method to making decisions form a background for understanding the factors which have a direct and an indirect influence on effectiveness of this process. This Couples Therapy of Domestic Violence Introduction One of the most important features of domestic violence is that it is a recurring time incidents of multiple forms of violence, physical, sexual, psychological and economic. It is important to note the difference between family conflict and violence. The conflict is of an isolated local nature; violence is a systemic basis and consists Christianity: Becoming of Religion and Becoming Religious Analisys Scholars may debate on how religions emerge though it would be valid to state that any religion appears from a need in it. Often, new religious movements emerge and evolve in response to the changing social, economic or political environments or, even more often, during turbulent times on the threshold of epochs, clashes of worldviews,

How to Fix a Database Connection Error

How to Fix a Database Connection Error You use PHP and MySQL together seamlessly on your website. This one day, out of the blue, you get a database connection error. Although a database connection error could indicate a bigger problem, it is usually a result of one of a few scenarios: Everything Was Fine Yesterday You could connect yesterday and havent changed any code in your script. Suddenly today, its not working. This problem probably lies with your web host. Your hosting provider may have the databases offline for maintenance or because of an error. Contact your web server to see if that is the case and, if so, when they are expected to be back up. Oops! If your database is on a different URL than the PHP file you are using to connect to it, it could be that you let your ​domain name expire. Sounds silly, but it happens a lot. I Cant Connect to Localhost Localhost doesnt always work, so you need to point directly to your database. Often its something like mysql.yourname.com or mysql.hostingcompanyname.com. Replace localhost in your file with the direct address. If you need help, your web host can point you in the right direction. My Host Name Wont Work Double-check your username and password. Then, triple-check them. This is one area people often overlook, or they check so quickly they dont even notice their mistake. Not only do you need to check that your  credentials are correct, you should also make sure you have the correct permissions required by the script. For example, a read-only user cant add data to the database; write privileges are necessary. The Database Is Corrupt It happens. Now were entering the territory of a bigger problem. Of course, if you keep your database backed up regularly, youre going to be all right. If you know how to restore your database from a backup, by all means, go ahead and do it. However, if youve never done this, contact your web host for help. Repairing a Database in phpMyAdmin If you use phpMyAdmin with your database, you can repair it. Before you begin, make a backup of the database- just in case. Log in to your web server.Click the phpMyAdmin iconChoose the affected database. If you only have one database, it should be chosen it by default.In the main panel, you should see a list of the database tables. Click Check All.Choose Repair Table from the drop-down menu.

English paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English paper - Essay Example As such, technical elements of representation, unique and groundbreaking philosophical approaches, historical relevance, and many other aspects of Jansco’s approach will be leveraged. it is therefore the hope of this particular author that such a level of analysis will be able to engage the reader with a more full and complete understanding of the manner through which this particular filmmaker provided cinemagoers with a unique view of the world and an interpretive approach that has continued to impress film critics and common viewers alike for decades after its initial release in his native Hungary. Firstly, before delving into any of the mechanics or actual philosophical approaches that Miklos Jansco makes within the film, it would be an astounding oversight to assume that the unit of focus for the film, namely the apparatchiks of the Habsburg Empire and the imprisoned revolutionaries, were not somehow a type of comparison and contrast between the communist government of Hungary and the depression that was always a very real and present aspect of life at the time in which the film itself was made. Although it cannot be definitively stated that the premise and motivation that is reflected throughout the film is somehow allegorical of Hungary’s sociopolitical status and form of government, stark and pervasive levels of contrast exists throughout the film that impress upon the viewer the means of similarity and power of contrast in comparison that exists between the two. Furthermore, due to the fact that the communist government Hungary, and the way, and indeed are after w as repressed does not allow for open dissension, utilizing a somewhat allegorical tale of repression under a â€Å"capitalist regime† was an effective guise of quiet yet inviting criticism that could not have been represented in a more open manner. Another obvious undertone that is represented